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[Information] Disease information for the 2026 test panel
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2026-01-27
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HIV/AIDS
Definition
HIV is a virus that destroys immune cells in the body and gradually weakens the immune system.
If testing is not done and treatment is delayed, the immune system can become severely weakened, allowing the virus to multiply and cause various opportunistic infections, which is called AIDS.
Route of Infection
If testing is not done and treatment is delayed, the immune system can become severely weakened, allowing the virus to multiply and cause various opportunistic infections, which is called AIDS.
Route of Infection
HIV can be transmitted when the blood, semen, or vaginal fluids of an infected person come into contact with the wounds or mucous membranes of an uninfected person.
It is mainly transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse and sharing needles.
Diagnosis and Treatment
It is mainly transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse and sharing needles.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Rapid tests (blood or oral) are screening tests, and if the result is positive, a confirmatory test is required to determine final infection status.
If infected with HIV, it is managed by taking antiretroviral medication.
With proper treatment, it does not progress to AIDS and can reach an undetectable state (U=U).
In an undetectable state, HIV is not transmitted through sexual contact.
Symptoms
If infected with HIV, it is managed by taking antiretroviral medication.
With proper treatment, it does not progress to AIDS and can reach an undetectable state (U=U).
In an undetectable state, HIV is not transmitted through sexual contact.
Symptoms
Some infected individuals may experience symptoms such as vomitting, diarrhea, or fever in the early stage, but many cases are asymptomatic, so testing is necessary for diagnosis.
After infection, the immune system is gradually damaged over several years during the latent period, leading to various opportunistic diseases.
Prevention Methods
After infection, the immune system is gradually damaged over several years during the latent period, leading to various opportunistic diseases.
Prevention Methods
There are various methods to prevent HIV.
Common methods include using condoms during sexual intercourse, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
Definition
Common methods include using condoms during sexual intercourse, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
Syphilis
Definition
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium 'Treponema pallidum '.
Route of Infection
It is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, including oral and anal sex, through direct contact.
The risk of infection increases when there are wounds or lesions on the skin or mucous membranes.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The risk of infection increases when there are wounds or lesions on the skin or mucous membranes.
Diagnosis and Treatment
It is diagnosed through blood tests and clinical symptoms, and if detected early, it is usually curable with penicillin injections.
However, follow-up testing may be required as blood test values can remain low even after treatment.
Symptoms
However, follow-up testing may be required as blood test values can remain low even after treatment.
Symptoms
Syphilis progresses in stages; in the primary stage, painless ulcers appear at the infection site, and in the secondary stage, rashes on the whole body including palms and soles, as well as hair loss, may occur.
If left untreated for a long time, it can progress to the tertiary stage and cause damage to internal organs such as the nervous system and heart.
Prevention Methods
If left untreated for a long time, it can progress to the tertiary stage and cause damage to internal organs such as the nervous system and heart.
Prevention Methods
Using condoms during sexual intercourse can reduce the risk of syphilis infection. if symptoms such as ulcers or rashes appear, it is important to get tested and treated.
Hepatitis C
Definition
Hepatitis C is a disease caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), leading to liver inflammation.
Symptoms are often not noticeable, so it may be discovered late.
Symptoms are often not noticeable, so it may be discovered late.
Route of Infection
Hepatitis C is mainly transmitted through blood and can spread through blood contact during sexual activity if there are wounds.
There is also a risk of infection when sharing needles or using unsterilized tools for tattoos or piercings.
Diagnosis and Treatment
There is also a risk of infection when sharing needles or using unsterilized tools for tattoos or piercings.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Hepatitis C can be diagnosed through blood tests, and if confirmed, it is treated with oral antiviral medication taken consistently for 8 to 12 weeks.
Current treatments are highly effective, and with proper adherence, more than 98% of cases can be cured.
Symptoms
Current treatments are highly effective, and with proper adherence, more than 98% of cases can be cured.
Symptoms
About 80% of infected individuals with hepatitis C do not experience symptoms and may not be aware of their infection. Some individuals may experience fatigue or jaundice.
If untreated, it can progress to chronic hepatitis, and even without symptoms, ongoing liver damage can lead to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer.
Prevention Methods and Precautions
If untreated, it can progress to chronic hepatitis, and even without symptoms, ongoing liver damage can lead to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer.
Prevention Methods and Precautions
Since hepatitis C is mainly transmitted through blood, strict prevention is necessary.
During sexual activity, condoms should be used to prevent blood contact through wounds, and for tattoos or piercings, only professional facilities using sterilized equipment should be chosen.
Personal items that may come into contact with blood, such as razors, nail clippers, and needles, should never be shared.
It is especially recommended that adults over 40 who have never been tested for hepatitis C get tested.
During sexual activity, condoms should be used to prevent blood contact through wounds, and for tattoos or piercings, only professional facilities using sterilized equipment should be chosen.
Personal items that may come into contact with blood, such as razors, nail clippers, and needles, should never be shared.
It is especially recommended that adults over 40 who have never been tested for hepatitis C get tested.
* The information above is for reference only. Please consult a medical professional for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
* Source - Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, Korean Association for the Study of the Liver, US CDC, World Health Organization (WHO)
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Gireum Center : 1F, 209, Dongsomun-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul
Ansan Center : 4F, 15-1, Wongok-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do
Busan Center : 2F. 101-4, Beomil-ro, Dong-gu, Busan
Tel : +82-2-927-4322 / +82-10-2654-4322 E-mail : khap@kaids.or.kr
Copyrights ⓒ 2014 khap.org. All right reserved. 홈페이지제작 웹사이트blog